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Professor Cyril Zipfel

My group studies the molecular basis of plant innate immunity. We aim at deciphering the signaling events linking perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to the establishment of immunity. We use the leucine-rich repeats receptor kinases EFR and FLS2, which perceive bacterial EF-Tu and flagellin, respectively, as model pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).

Our work also aims at understanding how plant receptor kinases work at the molecular level and how signaling specificity is achieved between different receptor kinase-mediated signaling pathways involved in immunity and growth.

We are also exploring how outcomes of our research can be used to engineer sustainable broad-spectrum disease resistance in crops

cyril.zipfel@tsl.ac.uk

Publications

Bjornson M, Pimprikar P, Nuernberger T, Zipfel C (2020)

The transcriptional landscape of Arabidopsis thaliana pattern-triggered immunity. bioRxiv preprint Dec 01, 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.30.404566

Steinbrenner AD, Muñoz-Amatriaín M, Chaparro AF, Aguilar-Venegas JM, Lo S, Okuda S, Glauser G, Dongiovanni J, Shi D, Hall M, Crubaugh D, Holton N, Zipfel C, Abagyan R, Turlings TCJ, Close TJ, Huffaker A, Schmelz EA (2020)

A receptor-like protein mediates plant immune responses to herbivore-associated molecular patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Nov 23:202018415. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2018415117.

Derkacheva M, Yu G, Rufian JS, Jiang S, Derbyshire P, Morcillo R, Stransfeld L, Wei Y, Menke F, Zipfel C, Macho A (2020)

The Arabidopsis E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB4 regulates BIK1 homeostasis and is targeted by a bacterial type-III effector. bioRxiv preprint Oct 26, 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.25.354514

Grubb L, Derbyshire P, Dunning K, Zipfel C, Menke FLH, Monaghan J (2020)

Large-scale identification of ubiquitination sites on membrane-associated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. bioRxiv preprint Sept 17, 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.16.299883

Kato H, Onai K, Abe A, Shimizu M, Takagi H, Tateda C, Utsushi H, Singkarabanit-Ogawa S, Kitakura S, Ono E, Zipfel C, Takano Y, Ishiura M, Terauchi R (2020)

Lumi-Map, a real-time luciferase bioluminescence screen of mutants combined with MutMap, reveals Arabidopsis genes involved in PAMP-triggered immunity. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2020 Sep 2. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-05-20-0118-TA.

Thor K, Jiang S, Michard E, George J, Scherzer S, Huang S, Dindas J, Derbyshire P, Leitão N, DeFalco TA, Köster P, Hunter K, Kimura S, Gronnier J, Stransfeld L, Kadota Y, Bücherl CA, Charpentier M, Wrzaczek M, MacLean D, Oldroyd GED, Menke FLH, M. Roelfsema MRG, Hedrich R, Feijó J, Zipfel C (2020)

The calcium-permeable channel OSCA1.3 regulates plant stomatal immunity. Nature. 25 August 2020. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2702-1

Gronnier J, Franck CM, Stegmann M, DeFalco TA, Cifuentes AA, Dünser K, Lin W, Yang Z, Kleine-Vehn J, Ringli C, Zipfel C (2020)

FERONIA regulates FLS2 plasma membrane nanoscale dynamics to modulate plant immune signaling. bioRxiv preprint July 22, 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.20.212233

Abarca A, Franck CM, Zipfel C (2020)

Family-wide evaluation of RALF peptides in Arabidopsis thaliana. bioRxiv preprint June 27, 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.174169

Kato H, Onai K, Abe A, Shimizu M, Takagi H, Tateda C, Utsushi H, Singkarabanit-Ogawa S, Kitakura S, Ono E, Zipfel C, Takano Y, Ishiura M, Terauchi R (2020)

Lumi-Map, a real-time luciferase bioluminescence screen of mutants combined with MutMap, reveals Arabidopsis genes involved in PAMP-triggered immunity. bioRxiv preprint May 12, 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.11.086728

Noble JA, Liu MCJ, DeFalco TA, Stegmann M, McNamara K, Sullivan B, Dinh KK, Khuu N, Hancock S, Shiu SH, Zipfel C, Beilstein MA, Cheung AY, Palanivelu R (2020)

Conserved Molecular Function and Regulatory Subfunctionalization of the LORELEI Gene Family in Brassicaceae. bioRxiv preprint Apr 29, 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.062893

Cheval C, Samwald S, Johnston MG, de Keijzer J, Breakspear A, Liu X, Bellandi A, Kadota Y, Zipfel C, Faulkner C (2020)

Chitin perception in plasmodesmata characterizes submembrane immune-signaling specificity in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Apr 13. pii: 201907799. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1907799117.

Cheung AY, Qu LJ, Russinova E, Zhao Y, Zipfel C (2020)

Update on Receptors and Signaling. Plant Physiol. 2020 Apr;182(4):1527-1530. doi: 10.1104/pp.20.00275.

Zhou Y, Vroegop-Vos IA, Van Dijken AJH, Van der Does D, Zipfel C, Pieterse CMJ, Van Wees SCM (2020)

Carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA4 function in atmospheric CO2-modulated disease resistance. Planta. 2020 Mar 7;251(4):75. doi: 10.1007/s00425-020-03370-w.

Galindo-Trigo S, Blanco-Touriñán N, DeFalco TA, Wells ES, Gray JE, Zipfel C, Smith LM (2019)

CrRLK1L receptor-like kinases HERK1 and ANJEA are female determinants of pollen tube reception. EMBO Rep. 2019 Dec 23:e48466. doi: 10.15252/embr.201948466.

Caro MDP, Holton N, Conti G, Venturuzzi AL, Martínez-Zamora MG, Zipfel C, Asurmendi S, Díaz-Ricci JC (2019)

The fungal subtilase AsES elicits a PTI-like defence response in Arabidopsis thaliana plants independently of its enzymatic activity. Mol Plant Pathol. 2019 Nov 26. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12881.

Xiao Y, Stegmann M, Han Z, DeFalco TA, Parys K, Xu L, Belkhadir Y, Zipfel C, Chai J (2019)

Mechanisms of RALF peptide perception by a heterotypic receptor complex. Nature 10th July 2019. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1409-7

Wong JEMM, Nadzieja M, Madsen LH, Bücherl CA, Dam S, Sandal NN, Couto D, Derbyshire P, Uldum-Berentsen M, Schroeder S, Schwämmle V, Nogueira FCS, Asmussen MH, Thirup S, Radutoiu S, Blaise M, Andersen KR, Menke FLH, Zipfel C, Stougaard J (2019)

A Lotus japonicus cytoplasmic kinase connects Nod factor perception by the NFR5 LysM receptor to nodulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Jun 25. pii: 201815425. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1815425116.

Steinbrenner AD, Muñoz-Amatriaín M, Venegas JMA, Lo S, Shi D, Holton N, Zipfel C, Abagyan R, Huffaker A, Close TJ, Schmelz EA (2019)

A receptor for herbivore-associated molecular patterns mediates plant immunity. bioRxiv preprint Jun 22, 2019 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/679803

Amorim-Silva V, Garcia-Moreno A, Castillo AG, Lakhssassi N, Esteban Del Valle A, Perez-Sancho J, Li Y, Pose D, Perez-Rodriguez J, Lin J, Valpuesta V, Borsani O, Zipfel C, Macho AP, Botella MA (2019)

TTL proteins scaffold brassinosteroid signaling components at the plasma membrane to optimize signal transduction in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2019 Jun 12. pii: tpc.00150.2019. doi: 10.1105/tpc.19.00150.

Cheval C, Johnston M, Samwald S, Liu X, Bellandi A, Breakspear A, Kadota Y, Zipfel C, Faulkner C (2019)

Chitin perception in plasmodesmata identifies subcellular, context-specific immune signalling in plants. bioRxiv preprint Apr 17, 2019 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/611582

Lammertz M, Kuhn H, Pfeilmeier S, Malone JG, Zipfel C, Kwaaitaal M, Lin NC, Kvitko BH, Panstruga R (2019)

Widely-conserved attenuation of plant MAMP-induced calcium influx by bacteria depends on multiple virulence factors and may involve desensitization of host pattern recognition receptors. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2019 Jan 21. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-10-18-0291-R.

Galindo-Trigo S, Blanco-Tourinan N, DeFalco TA, Zipfel C, Gray JE, Smith LM (2018)

CrRLK1L receptor-like kinases HERK1 and ANJEA are female determinants of pollen tube reception. bioRxiv preprint Nov 19, 2018 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/428854

Perraki A, Gronnier J, Gouguet P, Boudsocq M, Deroubaix AF, Simon V, German-Retana S, Zipfel C, Bayer E, Mongrand S, Germain V, Legrand A, Habenstein B (2018)

REM1.3’s phospho-status defines its plasma membrane nanodomain organization and activity in restricting PVX cell-to-cell movement. PLoS Pathog. 2018 Nov 12;14(11):e1007378. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007378.

Kadota Y, Liebrand TWH, Goto Y, Sklenar J, Derbyshire P, Menke FLH, Torres MA, Molina A, Zipfel C, Coaker G, Shirasu K (2018)

Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals common regulatory mechanisms between effector- and PAMP-triggered immunity in plants. New Phytol. 2018 Oct 9. doi: 10.1111/nph.15523.

Brulé D, Villano C, Davies LJ, Trdá L, Claverie J, Héloir MC, Chiltz A, Adrian M, Darblade B, Tornero P, Stransfeld L, Boutrot F, Zipfel C, Dry IB, Poinssot B (2018)

The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) LysM receptor kinases VvLYK1-1 and VvLYK1-2 mediate chitooligosaccharide-triggered immunity. Plant Biotechnol J. 2018 Sep 26. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13017.

Wan WL, Zhang L, Pruitt R, Zaidem M, Brugman R, Ma X, Krol E, Perraki A, Kilian J, Grossmann G, Stahl M, Shan L, Zipfel C, van Kan JAL, Hedrich R, Weigel D, Gust AA, Nürnberger T (2018)

Comparing Arabidopsis receptor kinase and receptor protein-mediated immune signaling reveals BIK1-dependent differences. New Phytol. 2018 Sep 25. doi: 10.1111/nph.15497.

Perraki A, DeFalco TA, Derbyshire P, Avila J, Séré D, Sklenar J, Qi X, Stransfeld L, Schwessinger B, Kadota Y, Macho AP, Jiang S, Couto D, Torii KU, Menke FLH, Zipfel C (2018)

Phosphocode-dependent functional dichotomy of a common co-receptor in plant signalling. Nature, 3 Sept 2018. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0471-x

Pfeilmeier S, George J, Morel A, Roy S, Smoker M, Stransfeld L, Downie JA, Peeters N, Malone JG, Zipfel C (2018)

Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana immune receptor EFR in Medicago truncatula reduces infection by a root pathogenic bacterium, but not nitrogen-fixing rhizobial symbiosis. Plant Biotechnol J. 2018 Aug 18. doi: 10.1111/pbi.12999.

Engelsdorf T, Gigli-Bisceglia N, Veerabagu M, McKenna JF, Vaahtera L, Augstein F, Van der Does D, Zipfel C, Hamann T (2018)

The plant cell wall integrity maintenance and immune signaling systems cooperate to control stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Signal. 2018 Jun 26;11(536). pii: eaao3070. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.aao3070.

Kunwar S, Iriarte F, Fan Q, da Silva EE, Ritchie L, Nguyen NS, Freeman JH, Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV, Colee J, Scott J, Vallad GE, Zipfel C, Horvath D, Westwood J, Hutton S, Paret ML (2018)

Transgenic expression of EFR and Bs2 genes for field management of bacterial wilt and bacterial spot of tomato. Phytopathology. 2018 Jun 20. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-17-0424-R.

Amorim-Silva V, Garcia-Moreno A, Castillo AG, Lakhssassi N, Perez-Sancho J, Li Y, Esteban del Valle A, Pose D, Perez-Rodriguez J, Lin J, Valpuesta V, Borsani O, Zipfel C, Macho AP, Botella MA (2018)

TTL proteins scaffold brassinosteroid signaling components at the plasma membrane to optimize signal transduction in plant cells. bioRxiv preprint Jun 20, 2018 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/351056

Bender KW, Zipfel C (2018)

Plant G-protein activation: connecting to plant receptor kinases. Cell Res. 2018 May 29. doi: 10.1038/s41422-018-0046-2.

Ziemann S, van der Linde K, Lahrmann U, Acar B, Kaschani F, Colby T, Kaiser M, Ding Y, Schmelz E, Huffaker A, Holton N, Zipfel C, Doehlemann G(2018)

An apoplastic peptide activates salicylic acid signalling in maize. Nature Plants (2018) doi:10.1038/s41477-018-0116-y

Wang J, Grubb LE, Wang J, Liang X, Li L, Gao C, Ma M, Feng F, Li M, Li L, Zhang X, Yu F, Xie Q, Chen S, Zipfel C, Monaghan J, Zhou J-M (2018)

A Regulatory Module Controlling Homeostasis of a Plant Immune Kinase. Molecular Cell 69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2017.12.026

Smakowska-Luzan E, Mott GA, Parys K, Stegmann M, Howton TC, Layeghifard M, Neuhold J, Lehner A, Kong J, Grünwald K, Weinberger N, Satbhai SB, Mayer D, Busch W, Madalinski M, Stolt-Bergner P,Provart NJ, Mukhtar MS, Zipfel C, Desveaux D, Guttman DS, Belkhadir Y (2018)

An extracellular network of Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases. Nature doi:10.1038/nature25184

Liu Q, Vain T, Viotti C, Doyle SM, Tarkowská D, Novák O, Zipfel C, Sitbon F, Robert S, Hofius D (2017)

Vacuole Integrity Maintained by DUF300 Proteins Is Required for Brassinosteroid Signaling Regulation. Mol Plant. 2017 Dec 27. pii: S1674-2052(17)30385-4. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.015.

Stegmann M, Zipfel C (2017)

Complex regulation of plant sex by peptides. Science: Vol. 358, Issue 6370, pp. 1544-1545 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar4190

Perraki A, Gronnier J, Gouguet P, Boudsocq M, Deroubaix A-F, Simon V , German-Retana S , Zipfel C , Bayer E, Mongrand S, Germain V (2017)

The plant calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK3 phosphorylates REM1.3 to restrict viral infection. bioRxiv preprint Oct 19, 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/205765

Boschi F, Schvartzman C, Murchio S, Ferreira V, Siri MI, Galván GA, Smoker M, Stransfeld L, Zipfel C, Vilaró FL, Dalla-Rizza M (2017)

Enhanced Bacterial Wilt Resistance in Potato Through Expression of Arabidopsis EFR and Introgression of Quantitative Resistance from Solanum commersonii. Front. Plant Sci., 25 September 2017 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01642

Imkampe J, Halter T, Huang S, Schulze S, Mazzotta S, Schmidt N, Manstretta R, Postel S, Wierzba M, Yang Y, vanDongen WM, Stahl M, Zipfel C, Goshe MB, Clouse S, de Vries SC, Tax F, Wang X, Kemmerling B (2017)

The Arabidopsis Leucine-rich Repeat Receptor Kinase BIR3 Negatively Regulates BAK1 Receptor Complex Formation and Stabilizes BAK1. Plant Cell. 2017 Aug 25. pii: tpc.00376.2017. doi: 10.1105/tpc.17.00376.

D'Ambrosio JM, Couto D, Fabro G, Scuffi D, Lamattina L, Munnik T, Andersson MX, Alvarez ME, Zipfel C, Laxalt AM (2017)

Phospholipase C2 Regulates MAMP-Triggered Immunity by Modulating ROS Production in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2017 Aug 21. pii: pp.00173.2017. doi: 10.1104/pp.17.00173.

Singh V, Perraki A, Kim SY, Shrivastava S, Lee JH, Zhao Y, Schwessinger B, Oh MH, Marshall-Colon A, Zipfel C, Huber SC (2017)

Tyrosine-610 in the Receptor Kinase BAK1 Does Not Play a Major Role in Brassinosteroid Signaling or Innate Immunity. Front Plant Sci. 2017 Aug 2;8:1273. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01273.

Pfeilmeier S, George J, Morel A, Roy S, Smoker M, Stransfeld L, Downie A, Peeters N, Malone J, Zipfel C (2017)

Heterologous expression of the immune receptor EFR in Medicago truncatula reduces pathogenic infection, but not rhizobial symbiosis. bioRxiv preprint Aug 2, 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/171868

Boutrot F, Zipfel C (2017)

Function, Discovery, and Exploitation of Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2017 Jun 15. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120106.

Van der Does D, Boutrot F, Engelsdorf T, Rhodes J, McKenna JF, Vernhettes S, Koevoets I, Tintor N, Veerabagu M, Miedes E, Segonzac C, Roux M, Breda AS, Hardtke CS, Molina A, Rep M, Testerink C, Mouille G, Höfte H, Hamann T, Zipfel C (2017)

The Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase MIK2/LRR-KISS connects cell wall integrity sensing, root growth and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. PLoS Genet. 2017 Jun 12;13(6):e1006832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006832.

Mendy B, Wang'ombe MW, Radakovic ZS, Holbein J, Ilyas M, Chopra D, Holton N, Zipfel C, Grundler FM, Siddique S

Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase NILR1 is required for induction of innate immunity to parasitic nematodes. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Apr 13;13(4):e1006284. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006284.

Zipfel C, Oldroyd GED (2017)

Plant signalling in symbiosis and immunity. Nature 543, 328–336. doi:10.1038/nature22009

de Azevedo Souza C, Li S, Lin AZ, Boutrot F, Grossmann G, Zipfel C, Somerville S (2017)

Cellulose-derived oligomers act as damage-associated molecular patterns and trigger defense-like responses. Plant Physiol. 2017 Feb 27. pii: pp.01680.2016. doi: 10.1104/pp.16.01680.

Bender KW, Blackburn RK, Monaghan J, Derbyshire P, Menke FL, Zipfel C, Goshe MB, Zielinski RE, Huber SC (2017)

Autophosphorylation-based calcium (Ca2+) sensitivity priming and Ca2+/Calmodulin inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana Ca2+-dependent protein kinase 28 (CPK28). J Biol Chem. 2017 Jan 30. pii: jbc.M116.763243. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.763243.

Stegmann M, Monaghan J, Smakowska-Luzan E, Rovenich H, Lehner A, Holton N, Belkhadir Y, Zipfel C (2017)

The receptor kinase FER is a RALF-regulated scaffold controlling plant immune signaling. Science 20 Jan 2017: Vol. 355, Issue 6322, pp. 287-289 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2541

Shubchynskyy V, Boniecka J, Schweighofer A, Simulis J, Kvederaviciute K, Stumpe M, Mauch F, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B, Boutrot F, Zipfel C, Meskiene I (2016)

Protein phosphatase AP2C1 negatively regulates basal resistance and defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae. J Exp Bot. 2017 Jan 6. pii: erw485. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erw485.

Xin XF, Nomura K, Aung K, Velásquez AC, Yao J, Boutrot F, Chang JH, Zipfel C, He SY (2016)

Bacteria establish an aqueous living space in plants crucial for virulence. Nature 539, 524–529 doi:10.1038/nature20166

Magalhães DM, Scholte LL, Silva NV, Oliveira GC, Zipfel C, Takita MA, De Souza AA (2016)

LRR-RLK family from two Citrus species: genome-wide identification and evolutionary aspects. BMC Genomics: 17(1):623. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2930-9.

Couto D, Niebergall R, Liang X, Bücherl CA, Sklenar J, Macho AP, Ntoukakis V, Derbyshire P, Altenbach D, Maclean D, Robatzek S, Uhrig J, Menke F, Zhou JM, Zipfel C (2016)

The Arabidopsis Protein Phosphatase PP2C38 Negatively Regulates the Central Immune Kinase BIK1. PLoS Pathog. 12(8):e1005811. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005811.

Couto D, Zipfel C (2016)

Regulation of pattern recognition receptor signalling in plants. Nature Reviews Immunology (2016) doi:10.1038/nri.2016.77

Hegenauer V, Fürst U, Kaiser B, Smoker M, Zipfel C, Felix G, Stahl M, Albert M (2016)

Detection of the plant parasite Cuscuta reflexa by a tomato cell surface receptor. Science Vol. 353, Issue 6298, pp. 478-481 doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3919

Yeh YH, Panzeri D, Kadota Y, Huang YC, Huang PY, Tao CN, Roux M, Chien HC, Chin TC, Chu PW, Zipfel C, Zimmerli L (2016)

The Arabidopsis Malectin-Like/LRR-RLK IOS1 is Critical for BAK1-Dependent and BAK1-Independent Pattern-Triggered Immunity. Plant Cell. 2016 Jun 17. pii: tpc.00313.2016.

Kamoun S, Zipfel C (2016)

Fungal pathogenesis: Host modulation every which way. Nature Microbiology 1. doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.75

Kamoun S, Zipfel C (2016)

Scientific record: Class uncorrected errors as misconduct. Nature. 2016 Mar 10;531(7593):173. doi: 10.1038/531173e.

Saur IM, Kadota Y, Sklenar J, Holton NJ, Smakowska E, Belkhadir Y, Zipfel C, Rathjen JP (2016)

NbCSPR underlies age-dependent immune responses to bacterial cold shock protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Mar 4. pii: 201511847.

Trempel F, Kajiura H, Ranf S, Grimmer J, Westphal L, Zipfel C, Scheel D, Fujiyama K, Lee J (2016)

Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biol. 2016 Jan 28;16(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12870-016-0718-3.

Morales J, Kadota Y, Zipfel C, Molina A, Torres MA (2015)

The Arabidopsis NADPH oxidases RbohD and RbohF display differential expression patterns and contributions during plant immunity. J. Exp. Bot. (2016) doi: 10.1093/jxb/erv558

Kun Yuea K, Sandal P, Williams EL, Murphy E, Stes E, Nikonorova N, Ramakrishna P, Czyzewicz N, Montero-Morales L, Kumpf R, Lin Z, van de Cotte B, Iqbal M, Van Bela M, Van De Slijke E, Meyer MR, Gadeyne A, Zipfel C, De Jaeger G, Van Montagu M, Van Damme D, Gevaerte K, Rao AG, Beeckman T, De Smet I (2015)

PP2A-3 interacts with ACR4 and regulates formative cell division in the Arabidopsis root. PNAS January 20, 2016 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1525122113

Kadota Y, Macho AP, Zipfel C (2015)

Immunoprecipitation of Plasma Membrane Receptor-Like Kinases for Identification of Phosphorylation Sites and Associated Proteins. Methods Mol Biol. 1363 pp 133-144.

Jiménez-Góngora T, Kim S-K, Lozano-Durán R, Zipfel C (2015)

Flg22-Triggered Immunity Negatively Regulates Key BR Biosynthetic Genes. Front. Plant Sci., 09 November 2015 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00981

Gou M, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Huang Q, Monaghan J, Yang H, Shi Z, Zipfel C, Hua J (2015)

Opposing effects on two phases of defense responses from concerted actions of HSC70 and BON1 in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2015 Sep 25. pii: pp.00970.2015.

Rickett LM, Pullen N, Hartley M, Zipfel C, Kamoun S, Baranyi J, Morris RJ (2015)

Incorporating prior knowledge improves detection of differences in bacterial growth rate. BMC Systems Biology, 9:60 doi:10.1186/s12918-015-0204-9

Pfeilmeier S, Saur IM, Rathjen JP, Zipfel C, Malone JG (2015)

High levels of cyclic-di-GMP in plant-associated Pseudomonas correlate with evasion of plant immunity. Mol Plant Pathol. 2015 Jul 23. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12297.

Patron NJ, Orzaez D, Marillonnet S, Warzecha H, Matthewman C, Youles M, Raitskin O, Leveau A, Farré G, Rogers C, Smith A, Hibberd J, Webb AAR, Locke J, Schornack S, Ajioka J, Baulcombe DC, Zipfel C, Kamoun S, Jones JDG, Kuhn H, Robatzek S, Van Esse HP, Sanders D, Oldroyd G, Martin C, Field R, O'Connor S, Fox S, Wulff B, Miller B, Breakspear A, Radhakrishnan G, Delaux PM, Loqué D, Granell A, Tissier A, Shih P, Brutnell TP, Quick WP, Rischer H, Fraser PD, Aharoni A, Raines C, South PF, Ané JM, Hamberger BR, Langdale J, Stougaard J, Bouwmeester H, Udvardi M, Murray JAH, Ntoukakis V, Schäfer P, Denby K, Edwards KJ, Osbourn A, Haseloff J (2015)

Standards for plant synthetic biology: a common syntax for exchange of DNA parts. New Phytologist 14 Jul 2015 doi: 10.1111/nph.13532

Monaghan J, Matschi S, Romeis T, Zipfel C (2015)

The calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28 negatively regulates the BIK1-mediated PAMP-induced calcium burst. Plant Signaling & Behavior Volume 10, Issue 5

Kadota Y, Shirasu K, Zipfel C (2015)

Regulation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD during plant immunity. Plant Cell Physiol. May 4. 10.1093/pcp/pcv063

Couto D, Stransfeld L, Arruabarrena A, Zipfel C, Lozano-Durán R (2015)

Broad application of a simple and affordable protocol for isolating plant RNA. BMC Research Notes 2015, 8:154 doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1119-7

Schwessinger B, Bahar O, Thomas N, Holton N, Nekrasov V, Ruan D, Canlas PE, Daudi A, Petzold CJ, Singan VR, Kuo R, Chovatia M, Daum C, Heazlewood JL, Zipfel C, Ronald PC (2015)

Transgenic Expression of the Dicotyledonous Pattern Recognition Receptor EFR in Rice Leads to Ligand-Dependent Activation of Defense Responses. PLOS Pathogens: DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004809

Zipfel C (2015)

NEWS AND VIEWS – A new receptor for LPS. Nature Immunology 16, 340–341 (2015) doi:10.1038/ni.3127

Macho AP, Lozano-Durán R, Zipfel C (2015)

Importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in receptor kinase complexes. Trends in Plant Science. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.02.005

Schoonbeek H-J, Wang H-H, Stefanato FL, Craze M, Bowden S, Wallington E, Zipfel C, Ridout CJ (2015)

Arabidopsis EF-Tu receptor enhances bacterial disease resistance in transgenic wheat. New Phytologist DOI: 10.1111/nph.13356

Hogenhout SA, Zipfel C (2015)

NEWS AND VIEWS – Engineering insect-free cereals. Nature Biotechnology 33, 262–263 (2015) doi:10.1038/nbt.3162

Holton N, Nekrasov V, Ronald PC, Zipfel C (2015)

The Phylogenetically-Related Pattern Recognition Receptors EFR and XA21 Recruit Similar Immune Signaling Components in Monocots and Dicots. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Jan 21;11(1):e1004602. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004602.

Etherington GJ, Monaghan J, Zipfel C, MacLean D (2014)

Mapping mutations in plant genomes with the user-friendly web application CandiSNP. Plant Methods 2014, 10:306. doi:10.1186/s13007-014-0041-7

Macho AP and Zipfel Z (2014)

Targeting of plant pattern recognition receptor-triggered immunity by bacterial type-III secretion system effectors. Current Opinion in Microbiology (2014): 23, p14–22

Monaghan J, Matschi S, Shorinola O, Rovenich H, Matei A, Segonzac C, Gro Malinovsky F, Rathjen JP, MacLean D, Romeis T, Zipfel C (2014)

The Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase CPK28 Buffers Plant Immunity and Regulates BIK1 Turnover. Cell Host & Microbe (2014) Volume 16, p605–615. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2014.10.007

Wolf S, van der Does D, Ladwig F, Sticht C, Kolbeck A, Schürholz AK, Augustin S, Keinath N, Rausch T, Greiner S, Schumacher K, Harter K, Zipfel C, Höfte H (2014)

A receptor-like protein mediates the response to pectin modification by activating brassinosteroid signaling. PNAS (2014) ; published ahead of print October 6, 2014, doi:10.1073/pnas.1322979111

Lozano-Durán R and Zipfel C (2014)

Trade-off between growth and immunity: role of brassinosteroids. Trends Plant Sci. (2014). doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.09.003.

Segonzac C, Macho AP, Sanmartín M, Ntoukakis V, Sánchez-Serrano JJ, Zipfel C. (2014)

Negative control of BAK1 by protein phosphatase 2A during plant innate immunity. EMBO J. 2014 Aug 1. pii: e201488698. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 25085430.

Zipfel C (2014)

Plant pattern recognition receptors. Trends in Immunology, DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.05.004.

Macho AP and Zipfel C (2014)

Plant PRRs and the activation of innate immune signaling. Molecular Cell, 54(2): 263-272.

Macho AP, Schwessinger B, Ntoukakis V, Brutus A, Segonzac C, Roy S, Kadota Y, Oh MH, Sklenar J, Derbyshire P, Lozano-Duran R, Gro Malinovsky F, Monaghan J, Menke FL, Huber SC, He SY and Zipfel C (2014)

A bacterial tyrosine phosphatase inhibits plant pattern recognition receptor activation. Science, 343 (6178): 1509-1512.

Lloyd SR, Schoonbeek H, Trick M, Zipfel C and Ridout C (2014)

Methods to study PAMP-triggered immunity in Brassica species. MPMI, 27(3):286-95.

Gro Malinovsky, F., Batoux, M., Schwessinger, B., Youn, J.H., Stransfeld, L., Win, J., Kim, S.K. and Zipfel, C. (2014)

Antagonistic regulation of growth and immunity by the Arabidopsis bHLH transcription factor HBI1. Plant Physiology, in press.

Kadota Y, Sklenar J, Derbyshire P, Stransfeld L, Asai S, Ntoukakis V, Jones JDG, Shirasu K, Menke FL, Jones A and Zipfel C (2014)

Direct regulation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by the PRR-associated kinase BIK1 during plant immunity. Molecular Cell, 54 (1): 43-55.

Trdá L, Fernandez O, Boutrot F, Héloir MC, Kelloniemi J, Daire X, Adrian M, Clément C, Zipfel C, Dorey S and Poinssot B (2014)

The grapevine flagellin receptor VvFLS2 differentially recognizes flagellin-derived epitopes from the endophytic growth promoting bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans and plant pathogenic bacteria. New Phytologist, 201:1371-1384.

Prince DC, Drurey C, Zipfel C and Hogenhout S (2014)

The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase BAK1 and the cytochrome P450 PAD3 contribute to innate immunity to aphids in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 164: 2207-2219.

Halter T, Mazzotta S, Wierzba M, Imkampe J, Postel S, Bücherl C, Kiefer C, Stahl M, Chinchilla D, Nürnberger T, Zipfel C, Clouse S, Borst J-W, de Vries S, Tax F and Kemmerling B (2014)

The leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase BIR2 is a negative regulator of BAK1 in plant immunity. Curr Biol, 24(2):134-43.

Trost G, Vi SL, Czesnick H, Lange P, Holton N, Giavalisco P, Zipfel C, Kappel C and Lenhard M (2014)

Arabidopsis poly(A) polymerase PAPS1 limits founder-cell recruitment to organ primordial and suppresses the salicylic acid-independent pathogen responses downstream of EDS1/PAD4. Plant J, 77:688-99.

Lozano-Durán R, Macho A, Boutrot F, Segonzac C, Somssich IE and Zipfel C (2013)

The transcriptional regulator BZR1 mediates trade-off between plant innate immunity and growth. eLIFE, 2(0):e00983.

Sun Y, Li L, Macho A, Han Z, Hu, Z, Zipfel C, Zhou J-M and Chai J (2013)

Structural basis for flagellin-induced activation of the FLS2-BAK1 immune receptor complex. Science, 342 (6158):624-628.

Zhang W, Fraiture M, Kolb D, Löffelhardt B, Desaki Y, Boutrot F, Tor M, Zipfel C, Gust AA and Brunner F (2013)

The Arabidopsis thaliana Receptor-like Protein RLP30 and Receptor-like kinase SOBIR1/EVR Mediate Innate Immunity toward Necrotrophic Fungi. Plant Cell, 25 (10):4227-4241.

Asai S, Ichikawa T, Nomura H, Kobayashi M, Kamiyoshihara Y, Mori H, Kadota Y, Zipfel C, Jones JDG and Yoshioka H (2013)

The variable domain of a plant calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) confers subcellular localization and substrate recognition for NADPH oxidase. JBC, 288(20):14332-14340.

Zipfel C (2013)

Combined roles of ethylene and endogenous peptides in regulating plant immunity and growth. PNAS, 110 (15):5748-5749.

Farid A, Gro Malinovsky F, Veit C, Schoberer J, Zipfel C, Strasser R (2013)

Specialized roles of the conserved subunit OST3/6 of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex in Arabidopsis innate immunity and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Plant Physiology, 162(1):24-38.

Nicaise V, Joe A, Jeong B, Korneli C, Boutrot F, Westedt I, Staiger D, Alfano J and Zipfel C (2013)

Pseudomonas HopU1 modulates plant immune receptor levels by blocking the interaction of their mRNAs with GRP7. EMBO J, 32:701-712.

Win, J., Chaparro-Garcia, A., Belhaj, K., Saunders, D.G.O., Yoshida, K., Dong, S., Schornack, S., Zipfel, C., Robatzek, S., Hogenhout, S.A., and Kamoun, S. 2012.

Effector Biology of Plant-associated Organisms: Concepts and Perspectives. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, 77:235-247.

Monaghan J and Zipfel C (2012)

Plant pattern recognition receptor complexes at the plasma membrane. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 15(4): 349-357.

Schoonbeek H, Liller C, Zipfel C and Ridout C (2012)

Use of PAMP-triggered immunity responses to improve the selection of quantitative disease resistance in cereals. 19th Eucarpia General Congress Proceedings: 131-134.

Segonzac C, Nimchuk ZL, Beck M, Robatzek S, Meyerowitz EM and Zipfel C (2012)

The shoot apical meristem regulatory peptide CLV3 does not activate innate immunity. Plant Cell, 24(8): 3186-3192.

Macho A, Boutrot F, Rathjen JP and Zipfel C (2012)

The Arabidopsis aspartate oxidase plays a specific role in RbohD-mediated innate immunity. Plant Physiology, 159(4): 1845-1856.

Marshall A, Aalen RB, Audenaert D, Beeckman T, Broadley MR, Butenko MA, Caño-Delgado AI, de Vries S, Dresselhaus T, Felix G, Graham NS, Foulkes J, Granier C, Greb T, Grossniklaus U, Hammond JP, Heidstra R, Hodgman C, Hothorn M, Inzé D, Østergaard L, Russinova E, Simon R, Skirycz A, Stahl Y, Zipfel C and De Smet I (2012)

Tackling water stress: RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES to the rescue. Plant Cell, 24(6): 2262-2278.

Roux M and Zipfel C (2012)

Receptor kinase interactions: complexity of signalling. In: F. Tax F and B. Kemmerling (eds.). Receptor-like Kinases in Plants, Signaling and Communication in Plants, 13: 145-172.

Albrecht C, Boutrot F, Segonzac C, Schwessinger B, Gimenez-Ibanez S, Rathjen JP, Chinchilla D, de Vries S and Zipfel C (2012)

Brassinosteroids inhibit PAMP-triggered immune signalling independent of the Arabidopsis LRR-RLK BAK1. PNAS, 109(1): 303-308.

Ntoukakis V, Schwessinger B, Segonzac C and Zipfel C (2011)

Cautionary notes on the use of C-terminal BAK1 fusion proteins for functional studies. Plant Cell, 23(11): 3871-3878.

Roux M, Schwessinger B, Albrecht C, Chinchilla D, Jones AM, Holton N, Malinovsky F, Tör M, de Vries S and Zipfel C (2011)

The Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases BAK1/SERK3 and BKK1/SERK4 are required for innate immunity to hemibiotrophic and biotrophic pathogens. Plant Cell, 23: 2440-2455.

Dennes L, McKenna JF, Segonzac C, Wormit A, Madhou P, Bennett M, Mansfield J, Zipfel C and Hamann T (2011)

Cell wall damage-induced lignin biosynthesis is regulated by a ROS- and jasmonic acid dependent process in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiology, 156(3):1364-1374.

Schwessinger B, Roux M, Kadota Y, Ntoukakis V, Sklenar J, Jones AM and Zipfel C (2011)

Phosphorylation-dependent differential regulation of plant growth, cell death and innate immunity by the regulatory receptor-like kinase BAK1. PLoS Genetics, 7(4): e1002046.

Batoux M, Lacombe S, Li J, Morehouse K, Nekrasov V, Nicaise V, Niebergall R, Rougon A, Roux M, Schwessinger B, Westedt I, and Zipfel C (2010)

Deciphering PAMP-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis. In: Antoun H, Avis T, Brisson L, Prevost D and Trepanier M (ed). International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 7.

Segonzac C, Feike D, Gimenez-Ibanez S, Hann D, Zipfel C and Rathjen JP (2011)

Hierarchy and roles of PAMP-induced responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Physiology, 156(2):687-699.

Liebminger E, Veit C, Pabst M, Batoux M, Zipfel C, Altmann F, Mach L and Strasser R (2011)

HEXO1 and HEXO3 are responsible for the formation of paucimannosidic N-glycans in Arabidopsis thaliana. JBC 286: 10793-10802.

Chaparro-Garcia, A., Wilkinson, R.C., Gimenez-Ibanez, S., Findlay, K., Coffey, M.D., Zipfel, C., Rathjen, J.P., Kamoun, S., and Schornack, S. 2011.

The receptor-like kinase SERK3/BAK1 is required for basal resistance against the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS One, 6:e16608.

Segonzac C and Zipfel C (2011)

Activation of plant pattern-recognition receptors by bacteria. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 14 (1):54-61.

Zipfel, C. and Robatzek, S.

PAMP-triggered immunity: veni, vidi, …? Plant Physiol. 154: 551-554. (review)

Malinovsky FG, Brodersen P, Fiil BK, McKinney LV, Thorgrimsen S, Beck M, Nielsen HB, Pietra S, Zipfel C, Robatzek S, Petersen M, Hofius D, and Mundy J (2010)

Lazarus1, a DUF300 protein, contributes to programmed cell death associated with Arabidopsis acd11 and the hypersensitive response. PLoS One, 5(9). pii: e12586.

Boutrot F, Segonzac C, Chang KN, Qiao H, Ecker JR, Zipfel C and Rathjen JP (2010)

Direct transcriptional control of the Arabidopsis immune receptor FLS2 by the ethylene-dependent transcription factors EIN3 and EIL1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107: 14502-14507.

Lacombe S, Rougon-Cardoso A, Sherwood E, Peeters N, Dahlbeck D, van Esse HP, Smoker M, Rallapalli G, Thomma BPHJ, Staskawicz B, Jones JDG and Zipfel C (2010)

Inter-family transfer of a plant pattern recognition receptor confers broad-spectrum bacterial resistance. Nature Biotechnology, 4 :365-369.

Rougon-Cardoso A and Zipfel C (2010)

A new approach to confer broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants. Information Systems for Biotechnology News Report, Issue June 2010 : 5-8.

Nekrasov V, Li J, Batoux M, Roux M, Lacombe S, Rougon A, Chu ZH, Bittel P, Kiss-Papp M, Chinchilla D, van Esse HP, Jorda L, Schwessinger B, Nicaise V, Thomma BPHJ, Molina A, Jones JDG and Zipfel C (2009)

Control of the pattern recognition receptor EFR by an ER protein complex in plant immunity. EMBO Journal 28: 3428-3438.

Li J, Chu ZH, Batoux M, Nekrasov V, Roux M, Chinchilla D, Zipfel C and Jones JDG (2009)

A dedicated subset of ER quality control components required for plant innate immunity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 15973-15978.

Li J, Zhao-Hui C, Batoux M, Nekrasov V, Roux M, Chinchilla D, Zipfel C, Jones JD. (2009)

Specific ER quality control components required for biogenesis of the plant innate immune receptor EFR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 15;106(37):15973-8. Epub 2009 Aug 26. PubMed PMID: 19717464; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2747228.

Nicaise V, Roux M and Zipfel C (2009)

Recent advances in Plant-triggered immunity against bacteria: Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) watch over and raise the alarm. Plant Physiology 150: 1638-47.

Zipfel C (2009)

Early molecular events in PAMP-triggered immunity. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 12(4): 414-420.

Ridout C, Sherwood E, Rougon A, Lacombe S and Zipfel C (2009)

Evaluation of pattern recognition receptors for durable disease control in crops. Phytopathology, 99(6):S108.

Zipfel C (2008)

Pattern-recognition receptors in plant innate immunity. Current Opinion in Immunology, 20: 10-16.

Schwessinger B, and Zipfel C (2008)

News from the frontline: recent insights into PAMP-triggered immunity in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 11(4): 389-95.

Wang G, Ellendorff U, Kemp B, Mansfield JW, Forsyth A, Mitchell K, Bastas K, Liu CM, Woods-Tör A, Zipfel C, de Wit PJ, Jones JD, Tör M, Thomma BP. (2008)

A genome-wide functional investigation into the roles of receptor-like proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 147(2): 503-17.

Zipfel C, Schwessinger B, Roux, M and Jones JDG (2008)

Genetic analysis of PAMP-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis. In: Lorito, M, Woo, SL and Scala, F (ed). International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 6.

Chinchilla D, Zipfel C, Felix G and Boller T (2008)

International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 6:46.

Zipfel C and Rathjen J (2008)

Plant immunity: AvrPto targets the front line. Current Biology, 18, R218-R220.

Chinchilla D, Zipfel C, Robatzek S, Kemmerling B, Nürnberger T, Jones JDG, Felix G and Boller T (2007)

A flagellin-induced complex of the receptor FLS2 and BAK1 initiates plant defence. Nature, 448: 497-500.

Molinier J, Ries G, Zipfel C and Hohn B (2006)

Transgeneration memory of stress in plants. Nature, 442: 1046-1049.

Zipfel C, Kunze G, Chinchilla D, Caniard A, Jones JDG, Boller T and Felix G (2006)

Perception of the bacterial PAMP EF-Tu by the receptor EFR restricts Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Cell, 125: 749-760.

Zipfel C, Kunze G, Chinchilla D, Caniard A, Boller T and Felix G (2006)

Recognition of the bacterial PAMP EF-Tu by the Arabidopsis receptor kinase EFR. In: Sanchez F., Geiger O. (ed). International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 5: 30-34.

Felix G, Bittel P, Chinchilla D, Kunze G, Robatzek S, Zipfel C and Boller T (2006)

Receptor-like kinases and innate immunity in plants. In: Sanchez F., Geiger O. (ed). International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 5: 21-29.

Zipfel C and Felix G (2005)

Plants and animals: a different taste for microbes? Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 8 (4): 353-360.

Kunze G, Zipfel C, Robatzek S, Niehaus K, Boller T and Felix G (2004)

The N-terminus of bacterial elongation factor Tu elicits innate immunity in Arabidopsis plants. Plant Cell, 16 (12): 3496-3507.

Navarro L, Zipfel C, Rowland O, Keller I, Robatzek S, Boller T and Jones JDG (2004)

The transcriptional innate immune responses to flg22. Interplay and overlap with Avr gene-dependent defense responses and bacterial pathogenesis. Plant Physiology, 135: 1113-1128.

Zipfel C, Robatzek S, Navarro L, Oakeley E, Jones JDG, Felix G and Boller T (2004).

Bacterial disease resistance through flagellin perception in Arabidopsis. Nature, 428: 764-767.

Navarro L, Zipfel C, Rowland O, Robatzek S, Boller T and Jones JDG (2003)

mRNA expression profiling of the Arabidopsis flg22-triggered innate immune response and the Avr9/Cf-9 response in tobacco. In: Tikhonovich I, Lugtenberg B, and Provorov N (ed). International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 4: 237-239.

Job History

2011 – present Senior Group Leader, The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, UK.

2014 – present Professor, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.

2014 – present Professor, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH.

2014 – 2018 Head of The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, UK.

2013 – 2014 Honorary Professor, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.

2011 – 2013 Honorary Reader, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.

2007 – 2018 Associate Faculty Member, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.

2007 – 2011 Group Leader, The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, UK.

2005 – 2007 EMBO long-term Postdoctoral Fellow, The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, UK.

2005 PhD in Botany, University of Basel, Switzerland.

2001 – 2005 PhD research project, Friedrich-Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research and the Botanical Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland.

2001 DEA (MSc) in Plant Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Paris XI, France.